tilia
An Intel Pentium class PC.
Specification
| Mainboard | Intel Advanced/ZP (Zappa); Intel Triton 82430FX PCIset aka. 430FX; socket 5 |
|---|---|
| CPU | Intel Pentium 75 |
| RAM | 72 MiB (128 MiB max.) |
| Floppy | 3.5" 1.44MB |
| Storage | IDE Controller Intel 82371FB aka. PIIX, ATA-2 16 MB/s |
| Quantum Fireball 540AT, 540MB IDE | |
| Sony CDU701-RP, 32x CD-ROM IDE | |
| Video | Diamond Stealth 64 (S3 Trio64) |
| Network | 3Com 509-TPC, 10Mb/s ethernet ISA |
| DEC DE500-BA 100Mb/s ethernet PCI (DEC Tulip 21143-PC) | |
| USB | VIA VT83C572 Universal Host Controller Interface (UHCI) USB 1.0, PCI |
| OS | Microsoft DOS & Windows 3.1 |
The Intel Pentium 75 is from the second generation of Pentium processors, initially released in 1994. The mainboard and graphics are from 1995 so there should be plenty support for operating systems of the 1990s and 2000s. However the BIOS only supports a subset of El-Torito specification for bootable CDs, so installing some systems is difficult.
Contents
- Specification
- Contents
- System Information - RedHat Linux 5.2 (Apollo)
- System Information - RedHat Linux 6.2 (Zoot)
- System Information - RedHat Linux 7.3 (Valhalla)
- Benchmark
- Further References
System Information - RedHat Linux 5.2 (Apollo)
Some information about this system collected in RedHat Linux 5.2 (Apollo) for x86...
uname
Operating system version and platform:
$ uname -a Linux tilia 2.0.36 #1 Tue Oct 13 22:17:11 EDT 1998 i586 unknown
So "Linux" kernel, on a node named "tilia", kernel release "2.0.36", version "#1 Tue Oct 13 22:17:11 EDT 1998", machine type "i586", processor type "unknown"
lscpu & /proc/cpuinfo
Report detail of the system processor(s).
RedHat Linux 5.2 (Apollo) doesn't have the lscpu command so have to use:
$ cat /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0 cpu : 586 model : Pentium 75+ vendor_id : GenuineIntel stepping : 5 fdiv_bug : no hlt_bug : no f00f_bug : yes fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid : yes wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr mce cx8 bogomips : 29.80
Showing a Pentium MMX compatible processor from IDT.
/proc/meminfo
Memory report:
$ cat /proc/pci
total: used: free: shared: buffers: cached:
Mem: 72929280 64786432 8142848 8249344 46841856 8601600
Swap: 41086976 0 41086976
MemTotal: 71220 kB
MemFree: 7952 kB
MemShared: 8056 kB
Buffers: 45744 kB
Cached: 8400 kB
SwapTotal: 40124 kB
SwapFree: 40124 kB
So 72 MiB of RAM and about 40 MB of swap.
lspci, /proc/bus/pci/devices & /proc/pci
Report PCI devices.
RedHat Linux 5.2 (Apollo) doesn't have the lspci command or the /proc/bus/ tree, so have to use:
$ cat /proc/pci
PCI devices found:
Bus 0, device 15, function 0:
VGA compatible controller: S3 Inc. Trio32/Trio64 (rev 0).
Medium devsel. IRQ 10.
Non-prefetchable 32 bit memory at 0xff000000.
Bus 0, device 14, function 0:
USB Controller: Unknown vendor Unknown device (rev 4).
Vendor id=1104. Device id=ffff.
Fast back-to-back capable. BIST capable. IRQ 255. Master Capable. Latency=255. Min Gnt=255.Max Lat=255.
I/O at 0xfffffffc.
I/O at 0xfffffffc.
I/O at 0xfffffffc.
I/O at 0xfffffffc.
I/O at 0xfffffffc.
I/O at 0xfffffffc.
Bus 0, device 13, function 0:
Ethernet controller: DEC DC21142 (rev 48).
Medium devsel. Fast back-to-back capable. IRQ 11. Master Capable. Latency=66. Min Gnt=20.Max Lat=40.
I/O at 0xfc80.
Non-prefetchable 32 bit memory at 0xffbefc00.
Bus 0, device 7, function 1:
IDE interface: Intel 82371 Triton PIIX (rev 2).
Medium devsel. Fast back-to-back capable. Master Capable. Latency=64.
I/O at 0xffa0.
Bus 0, device 7, function 0:
ISA bridge: Intel 82371 Triton PIIX (rev 2).
Medium devsel. Fast back-to-back capable. Master Capable. No bursts.
Bus 0, device 0, function 0:
Host bridge: Intel 82437 (rev 2).
Medium devsel. Master Capable. Latency=64.
Note that while the kernel has PCI information for many devices, USB card is not recognized.
dmesg
System log messages:
$ dmesg
Memory: sized by int13 0e801h
Console: 16 point font, 400 scans
Console: colour VGA+ 80x25, 1 virtual console (max 63)
pcibios_init : BIOS32 Service Directory structure at 0x000fd0f0
pcibios_init : BIOS32 Service Directory entry at 0xfd100
pcibios_init : PCI BIOS revision 2.10 entry at 0xfd121
Probing PCI hardware.
Calibrating delay loop.. ok - 29.80 BogoMIPS
Memory: 71220k/73728k available (748k kernel code, 384k reserved, 1376k data)
Swansea University Computer Society NET3.035 for Linux 2.0
NET3: Unix domain sockets 0.13 for Linux NET3.035.
Swansea University Computer Society TCP/IP for NET3.034
IP Protocols: IGMP, ICMP, UDP, TCP
Linux IP multicast router 0.07.
VFS: Diskquotas version dquot_5.6.0 initialized
Checking 386/387 coupling... Ok, fpu using exception 16 error reporting.
Checking 'hlt' instruction... Ok.
Intel Pentium with F0 0F bug - workaround enabled.
alias mapping IDT readonly ... ... done
Linux version 2.0.36 (root@porky.redhat.com) (gcc version 2.7.2.3) #1 Tue Oct 13 22:17:11 EDT 1998
Starting kswapd v 1.4.2.2
Serial driver version 4.13 with no serial options enabled
tty00 at 0x03f8 (irq = 4) is a 16550A
tty01 at 0x02f8 (irq = 3) is a 16550A
PS/2 auxiliary pointing device detected -- driver installed.
Real Time Clock Driver v1.09
Ramdisk driver initialized : 16 ramdisks of 4096K size
ide: i82371 PIIX (Triton) on PCI bus 0 function 57
ide0: BM-DMA at 0xffa0-0xffa7
ide1: BM-DMA at 0xffa8-0xffaf
hda: FC-1307 SD to CF Adapter V1.4, 7455MB w/8kB Cache, CHS=950/255/63
hdb: CD-ROM CDU701, ATAPI CDROM drive
ide0 at 0x1f0-0x1f7,0x3f6 on irq 14
Floppy drive(s): fd0 is 1.44M
FDC 0 is a National Semiconductor PC87306
md driver 0.36.3 MAX_MD_DEV=4, MAX_REAL=8
scsi : 0 hosts.
scsi : detected total.
Partition check:
hda: hda1 hda2 < hda5 hda6 >
VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem) readonly.
Adding Swap: 40124k swap-space (priority -1)
sysctl: ip forwarding off
Swansea University Computer Society IPX 0.34 for NET3.035
IPX Portions Copyright (c) 1995 Caldera, Inc.
Appletalk 0.17 for Linux NET3.035
tulip.c:v0.89H 5/23/98 becker@cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov
eth0: Digital DS21142/3 Tulip at 0xfc80, 00 00 f8 09 4d 5f, IRQ 11.
eth0: EEPROM default media type Autosense.
eth0: Index #0 - Media 10baseT (#0) described by a 21142 Serial PHY (2) block.
eth0: Index #1 - Media 10baseT-FD (#4) described by a 21142 Serial PHY (2) block.
eth0: Index #2 - Media 100baseTx (#3) described by a 21143 SYM PHY (4) block.
eth0: Index #3 - Media 100baseTx-FD (#5) described by a 21143 SYM PHY (4) block.
eth0: 21142 100baseTx sensed media.
eth0: 21142 10baseT link beat good.
So we can see the hardware being packed up and the various drivers being loaded.
System Information - RedHat Linux 6.2 (Zoot)
Some information about this system collected in RedHat Linux 6.2 (Zoot) for x86...
uname
Operating system version and platform:
$ uname -a Linux tilia 2.2.14-5.0 #1 Tue Mar 7 20:53:41 EST 2000 i586 unknown
So "Linux" kernel, on a node named "tilia", kernel release "2.2.14-5.0", version "#1 Tue Mar 7 20:53:41 EST 2000", machine type "i586", processor type "unknown"
lscpu & /proc/cpuinfo
Report detail of the system processor(s).
RedHat Linux 6.2 (zoot) doesn't have the lscpu command so have to use:
$ cat /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 5 model : 2 model name : Pentium 75 - 200 stepping : 5 cpu MHz : 74.704706 fdiv_bug : no hlt_bug : no sep_bug : no f00f_bug : yes coma_bug : no fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 1 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr mce cx8 bogomips : 29.80
Showing a Intel Pentium processor at 75 MHz without a CPUID string.
/proc/meminfo
Memory usage information:
$ cat /proc/meminfo
total: used: free: shared: buffers: cached:
Mem: 72888320 60473344 12414976 6774784 19087360 32223232
Swap: 73986048 2179072 71806976
MemTotal: 71180 kB
MemFree: 12124 kB
MemShared: 6616 kB
Buffers: 18640 kB
Cached: 31468 kB
BigTotal: 0 kB
BigFree: 0 kB
SwapTotal: 72252 kB
SwapFree: 70124 kB
So the 72 MiB known to be installed, with about 73 MB of swap.
lspci, /proc/bus/pci/devices & /proc/pci
PCI device report:
$ /sbin/lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 430FX - 82437FX TSC [Triton I] (rev 02) 00:07.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82371FB PIIX ISA [Triton I] (rev 02) 00:07.1 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371FB PIIX IDE [Triton I] (rev 02) 00:0d.0 Ethernet controller: Digital Equipment Corporation DECchip 21142/43 (rev 30) 00:0e.0 Class ffff: RasterOps Corp.: Unknown device 3038 (rev ff) 00:0f.0 VGA compatible controller: S3 Inc. 86c764/765 [Trio32/64/64V+]
The machine readable /proc/bus/pci/devices:
$ cat /proc/bus/pci/devices 0000 8086122d 0 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 0038 8086122e 0 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 0039 80861230 0 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 0000ffa1 00000000 00000000 0068 10110019 b 0000fc81 ffbefc00 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 0070 11043038 0 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 0078 53338811 a ff000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
And the obsolete /proc/pci, which was how to get PCI in older kernels:
$ cat /proc/pci
PCI devices found:
Bus 0, device 0, function 0:
Host bridge: Intel 82437 (rev 2).
Medium devsel. Master Capable. Latency=64.
Bus 0, device 7, function 0:
ISA bridge: Intel 82371FB PIIX ISA (rev 2).
Medium devsel. Fast back-to-back capable. Master Capable. No bursts.
Bus 0, device 7, function 1:
IDE interface: Intel 82371FB PIIX IDE (rev 2).
Medium devsel. Fast back-to-back capable. Master Capable. Latency=64.
I/O at 0xffa0 [0xffa1].
Bus 0, device 13, function 0:
Ethernet controller: DEC DC21142 (rev 48).
Medium devsel. Fast back-to-back capable. IRQ 11. Master Capable. Latency=96. Min Gnt=20.Max Lat=40.
I/O at 0xfc80 [0xfc81].
Non-prefetchable 32 bit memory at 0xffbefc00 [0xffbefc00].
Bus 0, device 14, function 0:
USB Controller: Unknown vendor Unknown device (rev 4).
Vendor id=1104. Device id=ffff.
Confused devsel.Fast back-to-back capable. BIST capable. Master Capable. Latency=255. Miin Gnt=255.Max Lat=255.
Bus 0, device 15, function 0:
VGA compatible controller: S3 Inc. Trio32/Trio64 (rev 0).
Medium devsel. IRQ 10.
Non-prefetchable 32 bit memory at 0xff000000 [0xff000000].
In each case we get details of the same devices, but presented differently, with the only unknown device being the USB controller.
lsusb
The Linux 2.2 kernel used in RedHat Linux 6.2 (Zoot) had very limited support for USB, and it appears it was not enabled the pre-built kernel.
dmesg
System log messages:
$ dmesg
Linux version 2.2.14-5.0 (root@porky.devel.redhat.com) (gcc version egcs-2.91.66 19990314/Linux (egcs-1.1.2 release)) #1 Tue Mar 7 20:53:41 EST 2000
Detected 74704885 Hz processor.
Console: colour VGA+ 80x25
Calibrating delay loop... 29.80 BogoMIPS
Memory: 71116k/73728k available (1084k kernel code, 416k reserved, 1048k data, 64k init, 0k bigmem)
Dentry hash table entries: 262144 (order 9, 2048k)
Buffer cache hash table entries: 131072 (order 7, 512k)
Page cache hash table entries: 32768 (order 5, 128k)
VFS: Diskquotas version dquot_6.4.0 initialized
CPU: Intel Pentium 75 - 200 stepping 05
Checking 386/387 coupling... OK, FPU using exception 16 error reporting.
Checking 'hlt' instruction... OK.
Intel Pentium with F0 0F bug - workaround enabled.
POSIX conformance testing by UNIFIX
PCI: PCI BIOS revision 2.10 entry at 0xfd121
PCI: Using configuration type 1
PCI: Probing PCI hardware
PCI: Device 00:70 not found by BIOS
Linux NET4.0 for Linux 2.2
Based upon Swansea University Computer Society NET3.039
NET4: Unix domain sockets 1.0 for Linux NET4.0.
NET4: Linux TCP/IP 1.0 for NET4.0
IP Protocols: ICMP, UDP, TCP, IGMP
TCP: Hash tables configured (ehash 131072 bhash 65536)
Initializing RT netlink socket
Starting kswapd v 1.5
Detected PS/2 Mouse Port.
Serial driver version 4.27 with MANY_PORTS MULTIPORT SHARE_IRQ enabled
ttyS00 at 0x03f8 (irq = 4) is a 16550A
ttyS01 at 0x02f8 (irq = 3) is a 16550A
pty: 256 Unix98 ptys configured
apm: BIOS version 1.1 Flags 0x03 (Driver version 1.9)
Real Time Clock Driver v1.09
RAM disk driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 4096K size
PIIX: IDE controller on PCI bus 00 dev 38
PIIX: not 100% native mode: will probe irqs later
PIIX: neither IDE port enabled (BIOS)
PIIX: IDE controller on PCI bus 00 dev 39
PIIX: not 100% native mode: will probe irqs later
ide0: BM-DMA at 0xffa0-0xffa7, BIOS settings: hda:pio, hdb:pio
ide1: BM-DMA at 0xffa8-0xffaf, BIOS settings: hdc:pio, hdd:pio
hda: FC-1307 SD to CF Adapter V1.4, ATA DISK drive
hdb: CD-ROM CDU701, ATAPI CDROM drive
ide0 at 0x1f0-0x1f7,0x3f6 on irq 14
hda: FC-1307 SD to CF Adapter V1.4, 7455MB w/8kB Cache, CHS=950/255/63
hdb: ATAPI 14X CD-ROM drive, 128kB Cache
Uniform CDROM driver Revision: 2.56
Floppy drive(s): fd0 is 1.44M
FDC 0 is a National Semiconductor PC87306
md driver 0.90.0 MAX_MD_DEVS=256, MAX_REAL=12
raid5: measuring checksumming speed
8regs : 70.104 MB/sec
32regs : 51.816 MB/sec
using fastest function: 8regs (70.104 MB/sec)
scsi : 0 hosts.
scsi : detected total.
md.c: sizeof(mdp_super_t) = 4096
Partition check:
hda: hda1 hda2 < hda5 hda6 >
autodetecting RAID arrays
autorun ...
... autorun DONE.
VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem) readonly.
Freeing unused kernel memory: 64k freed
Adding Swap: 72252k swap-space (priority -1)
eth0: DE500-BA at 0xfc80 (PCI bus 0, device 13), h/w address 00:00:f8:09:4d:5f,
and requires IRQ11 (provided by PCI BIOS).
de4x5.c:V0.544 1999/5/8 davies@maniac.ultranet.com
eth0: media is 100Mb/s.
eth0: media is 100Mb/s.
The reporting level of detection and configuration is a bit inconsistent. There is no mention of the USB device, which shows that support is not active.
System Information - RedHat Linux 7.3 (Valhalla)
Some information about this system collected in RedHat Linux 7.3 (Valhalla) for x86...
uname
Operating system version and platform:
$ uname -a Linux tilia.home 2.4.18-3 #1 Thu Apr 18 07:31:07 EDT 2002 i586 unknown
So "Linux" kernel, on a node named "tilia.home", kernel release "2.4.18-3", version "#1 Thu Apr 18 07:31:07 EDT 2002", machine type "i586", processor type "unknown"
lscpu & /proc/cpuinfo
Report detail of the system processor(s).
The lscpu command isn't available in 7.3, so we have to use the old way:
$ cat /proc/cpuinfo processor : 0 vendor_id : GenuineIntel cpu family : 5 model : 2 model name : Pentium 75 - 200 stepping : 5 cpu MHz : 74.704 fdiv_bug : no hlt_bug : no f00f_bug : yes coma_bug : no fpu : yes fpu_exception : yes cpuid level : 1 wp : yes flags : fpu vme de pse tsc msr mce cx8 bogomips : 148.68
A Intel Pentium at 75 MHz. Some small differences to the Linux 2.2 kernel output, in particular the BogoMips result is using the newer scaling.
/proc/meminfo
Memeory usage report:
$ cat /proc/meminfo
total: used: free: shared: buffers: cached:
Mem: 71876608 59740160 12136448 0 4829184 43577344
Swap: 197398528 0 197398528
MemTotal: 70192 kB
MemFree: 11852 kB
MemShared: 0 kB
Buffers: 4716 kB
Cached: 42556 kB
SwapCached: 0 kB
Active: 37040 kB
Inact_dirty: 580 kB
Inact_clean: 14828 kB
Inact_target: 10488 kB
HighTotal: 0 kB
HighFree: 0 kB
LowTotal: 70192 kB
LowFree: 11852 kB
SwapTotal: 192772 kB
SwapFree: 192772 kB
Committed_AS: 6308 kB
So the expected 72 MiB of RAM, with about 192 MB of swap.
lspci, /proc/bus/pci/devices & /proc/pci
Report PCI devices.
Using the lspci command:
$ /sbin/lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corp. 430FX - 82437FX TSC [Triton I] (rev 02) 00:07.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corp. 82371FB PIIX ISA [Triton I] (rev 02) 00:07.1 IDE interface: Intel Corp. 82371FB PIIX IDE [Triton I] (rev 02) 00:0d.0 Ethernet controller: Digital Equipment Corporation DECchip 21142/43 (rev 30) 00:0e.0 Class ffff: RasterOps Corp.: Unknown device 3038 (rev ff) 00:0f.0 VGA compatible controller: S3 Inc. 86c764/765 [Trio32/64/64V+]
The machine readable /proc/bus/pci/devices:
$ cat /proc/bus/pci/devices 0000 8086122d 0 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 0038 8086122e 0 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 0039 80861230 0 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 0000ffa1 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000010 00000000 00000000 0068 10110019 b 0000fc81 ffbefc00 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000080 00000080 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00040000 tulip 0070 11043038 0 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 0078 53338811 a ff000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00800000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00010000
And the obsolete /proc/pci, which was used to get PCI information on older kernels:
$ cat /proc/pci
PCI devices found:
Bus 0, device 0, function 0:
Host bridge: Intel Corp. 430FX - 82437FX TSC [Triton I] (rev 2).
Master Capable. Latency=64.
Bus 0, device 7, function 0:
ISA bridge: Intel Corp. 82371FB PIIX ISA [Triton I] (rev 2).
Bus 0, device 7, function 1:
IDE interface: Intel Corp. 82371FB PIIX IDE [Triton I] (rev 2).
Master Capable. Latency=64.
I/O at 0xffa0 [0xffaf].
Bus 0, device 13, function 0:
Ethernet controller: Digital Equipment Corporation DECchip 21142/43 (rev 48).
IRQ 11.
Master Capable. Latency=66. Min Gnt=20.Max Lat=40.
I/O at 0xfc80 [0xfcff].
Non-prefetchable 32 bit memory at 0xffbefc00 [0xffbefc7f].
Bus 0, device 14, function 0:
USB Controller: PCI device 1104:3038 (RasterOps Corp.) (rev 4).
Master Capable. Latency=22.
Bus 0, device 15, function 0:
VGA compatible controller: S3 Inc. 86c764/765 [Trio32/64/64V+] (rev 0).
IRQ 10.
Non-prefetchable 32 bit memory at 0xff000000 [0xff7fffff].
In each case we get details of the same devices, but presented differently. Notably the USB interface card is recognized as a USB controller in /proc/pci, but not in the lspci output.
lsusb
The USB interface card is not being recognized, so USB is not available to the operating system.
dmesg
System log messages:
$ dmesg
Linux version 2.4.18-3 (bhcompile@stripples.devel.redhat.com) (gcc version 2.96 20000731 (Red Hat Linux 7.3 2.96-110)) #1 Thu Apr 18 07:31:07 EDT 2002
BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
BIOS-e820: 0000000000000000 - 000000000009fc00 (usable)
BIOS-e820: 0000000000100000 - 0000000004800000 (usable)
BIOS-e820: 00000000fffc0000 - 0000000100000000 (reserved)
On node 0 totalpages: 18432
zone(0): 4096 pages.
zone(1): 14336 pages.
zone(2): 0 pages.
Kernel command line: ro root=/dev/hda2
Initializing CPU#0
Detected 74.704 MHz processor.
Console: colour VGA+ 80x25
Calibrating delay loop... 148.68 BogoMIPS
Memory: 69796k/73728k available (1129k kernel code, 3544k reserved, 791k data, 272k init, 0k highmem)
Dentry cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
Inode cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
Mount-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
Buffer cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
Page-cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
CPU: Before vendor init, caps: 000001bf 00000000 00000000, vendor = 0
Intel Pentium with F0 0F bug - workaround enabled.
CPU: After vendor init, caps: 000001bf 00000000 00000000 00000000
CPU: After generic, caps: 000001bf 00000000 00000000 00000000
CPU: Common caps: 000001bf 00000000 00000000 00000000
CPU: Intel Pentium 75 - 200 stepping 05
Checking 'hlt' instruction... OK.
Checking for popad bug... OK.
POSIX conformance testing by UNIFIX
mtrr: v1.40 (20010327) Richard Gooch (rgooch@atnf.csiro.au)
mtrr: detected mtrr type: none
PCI: PCI BIOS revision 2.10 entry at 0xfd121, last bus=0
PCI: Using configuration type 1
PCI: Probing PCI hardware
PCI: Device 00:70 not found by BIOS
Limiting direct PCI/PCI transfers.
isapnp: Scanning for PnP cards...
isapnp: No Plug & Play device found
Linux NET4.0 for Linux 2.4
Based upon Swansea University Computer Society NET3.039
Initializing RT netlink socket
apm: BIOS version 1.1 Flags 0x03 (Driver version 1.16)
Starting kswapd
VFS: Diskquotas version dquot_6.5.0 initialized
pty: 512 Unix98 ptys configured
Serial driver version 5.05c (2001-07-08) with MANY_PORTS MULTIPORT SHARE_IRQ SERIAL_PCI ISAPNP enabled
ttyS00 at 0x03f8 (irq = 4) is a 16550A
ttyS01 at 0x02f8 (irq = 3) is a 16550A
Real Time Clock Driver v1.10e
block: 128 slots per queue, batch=32
Uniform Multi-Platform E-IDE driver Revision: 6.31
ide: Assuming 33MHz system bus speed for PIO modes; override with idebus=xx
PIIX: IDE controller on PCI bus 00 dev 38
PIIX: chipset revision 2
PIIX: not 100% native mode: will probe irqs later
PIIX: neither IDE port enabled (BIOS)
PIIX: IDE controller on PCI bus 00 dev 39
PIIX: chipset revision 2
PIIX: not 100% native mode: will probe irqs later
ide0: BM-DMA at 0xffa0-0xffa7, BIOS settings: hda:pio, hdb:pio
ide1: BM-DMA at 0xffa8-0xffaf, BIOS settings: hdc:pio, hdd:pio
hda: FC-1307 SD to CF Adapter V1.4, ATA DISK drive
hdb: CD-ROM CDU701, ATAPI CD/DVD-ROM drive
ide0 at 0x1f0-0x1f7,0x3f6 on irq 14
blk: queue c0353d44, I/O limit 4095Mb (mask 0xffffffff)
hda: 15267840 sectors (7817 MB) w/8KiB Cache, CHS=950/255/63, (U)DMA
ide-floppy driver 0.99.newide
Partition check:
hda: hda1 hda2 hda3
Floppy drive(s): fd0 is 1.44M
FDC 0 is a National Semiconductor PC87306
RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 4096K size 1024 blocksize
ide-floppy driver 0.99.newide
md: md driver 0.90.0 MAX_MD_DEVS=256, MD_SB_DISKS=27
md: Autodetecting RAID arrays.
md: autorun ...
md: ... autorun DONE.
NET4: Linux TCP/IP 1.0 for NET4.0
IP Protocols: ICMP, UDP, TCP, IGMP
IP: routing cache hash table of 512 buckets, 4Kbytes
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 8192 bind 8192)
Linux IP multicast router 0.06 plus PIM-SM
NET4: Unix domain sockets 1.0/SMP for Linux NET4.0.
RAMDISK: Compressed image found at block 0
Freeing initrd memory: 120k freed
VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem).
Journalled Block Device driver loaded
kjournald starting. Commit interval 5 seconds
EXT3-fs: mounted filesystem with ordered data mode.
Freeing unused kernel memory: 272k freed
Adding Swap: 192772k swap-space (priority -1)
EXT3 FS 2.4-0.9.17, 10 Jan 2002 on ide0(3,2), internal journal
kjournald starting. Commit interval 5 seconds
EXT3 FS 2.4-0.9.17, 10 Jan 2002 on ide0(3,1), internal journal
EXT3-fs: mounted filesystem with ordered data mode.
ide-floppy driver 0.99.newide
hdb: ATAPI 14X CD-ROM drive, 128kB Cache, DMA
Uniform CD-ROM driver Revision: 3.12
hdb: DMA disabled
parport0: PC-style at 0x3bc [PCSPP]
Linux Tulip driver version 0.9.15-pre10 (Mar 8, 2002)
tulip0: EEPROM default media type Autosense.
tulip0: Index #0 - Media 10baseT (#0) described by a 21142 Serial PHY (2) block.
tulip0: Index #1 - Media 10baseT-FDX (#4) described by a 21142 Serial PHY (2) block.
tulip0: Index #2 - Media 100baseTx (#3) described by a 21143 SYM PHY (4) block.
tulip0: Index #3 - Media 100baseTx-FDX (#5) described by a 21143 SYM PHY (4) block.
eth0: Digital DS21143 Tulip rev 48 at 0xc5065c00, 00:00:F8:09:4D:5F, IRQ 11.
Lots of information about the detection of the available devices.
Benchmark
To provide a reference comparison for this era of systems, let's run some benchmarks...
BogoMips
The BogoMips (Wikipedia) pseudo-benchmark has a behavior where the score is related to the processor clock speed, and has an easily available collection of results from a range of systems (see BogoMips mini-Howto).
Linux 2.0.36, RedHat Linux 5.2 (Apollo) for x86:
Calibrating delay loop.. ok - 29.80 BogoMIPS
Linux 2.2.14, RedHat Linux 6.2 (Zoot) for x86:
Calibrating delay loop... 29.80 BogoMIPS
Linux 2.4.18, RedHat Linux 7.3 (Valhalla) for x86:
Calibrating delay loop... 148.68 BogoMIPS
The BogoMips result scaling for Pentium and later x86 processors changed in Linux 2.2.14 due to a change in the CPU state. From these results it appears that 2.2.14 change wasn't added to the kernel used in RedHat Linux 6.2, possibly to avoid problems with software that used these figures.
OpenSSL
The OpenSSL library of cryptographic methods provides a means to test the performance of the methods. Using this we can get a feel for the computational performance of a system, and comparisons with real hardware and other emulations can show how well a particular emulation performs. Since we are mainly interested in old hardware, we'll test using two of the older methods: MD5 and RSA.
- RedHat Linux 5.2 (Apollo) for x86
- RedHat Linux 6.2 (Zoot) for x86
- RedHat Linux 7.3 (Valhalla) for x86
RedHat Linux 5.2 (Apollo) for x86, with default compile OpenSSL 0.9.2b:
$ /usr/local/ssl/bin/openssl speed md5 rsa
Doing md5 for 3s on 8 size blocks: 293617 md5's in 3.00s
Doing md5 for 3s on 64 size blocks: 204590 md5's in 3.00s
Doing md5 for 3s on 256 size blocks: 98953 md5's in 3.00s
Doing md5 for 3s on 1024 size blocks: 33368 md5's in 3.00s
Doing md5 for 3s on 8192 size blocks: 4538 md5's in 3.00s
Doing 512 bit private rsa's for 10s: 456 512 bit private RSA's in 10.00s
Doing 512 bit public rsa's for 10s: 3939 512 bit public RSA's in 10.00s
Doing 1024 bit private rsa's for 10s: 76 1024 bit private RSA's in 10.03s
Doing 1024 bit public rsa's for 10s: 1346 1024 bit public RSA's in 10.00s
Doing 2048 bit private rsa's for 10s: 13 2048 bit private RSA's in 10.41s
Doing 2048 bit public rsa's for 10s: 404 2048 bit public RSA's in 10.00s
Doing 4096 bit private rsa's for 10s: 2 4096 bit private RSA's in 10.91s
Doing 4096 bit public rsa's for 10s: 112 4096 bit public RSA's in 10.00s
OpenSSL 0.9.2b 22 Mar 1999
built on: Fri Apr 15 15:03:38 BST 2022
options:bn(64,32) md2(int) rc4(idx,int) des(ptr,risc1,16,long) idea(int) blowfish(ptr2)
compiler: gcc -DL_ENDIAN -DTERMIO -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -m486 -Wall -Wuninitialized -DSHA1_ASM -DMD5_ASM -DRMD160_ASM
The 'numbers' are in 1000s of bytes per second processed.
type 8 bytes 64 bytes 256 bytes 1024 bytes 8192 bytes
md5 782.98k 4364.59k 8443.99k 11389.61k 12391.77k
sign verify sign/s verify/s
rsa 512 bits 0.0219s 0.0025s 45.6 393.9
rsa 1024 bits 0.1320s 0.0074s 7.6 134.6
rsa 2048 bits 0.8008s 0.0248s 1.2 40.4
rsa 4096 bits 5.4550s 0.0893s 0.2 11.2
Extracting the relevant figures for comparisons (see OpenSSL Speed Results):
- OpenSSL speed MD5 8,192 bytes: 12,391.77k
- OpenSSL speed RSA 4,096 bytes sign/s: 0.2
- OpenSSL speed RSA 4,096 bytes verify/s: 11.2
So now we have a set of reference values for the late 1990s.
RedHat Linux 6.2 (Zoot) for x86, with default compile OpenSSL 0.9.5a:
$ /usr/local/ssl/bin/openssl speed md5 rsa
Doing md5 for 3s on 8 size blocks: 321779 md5's in 3.00s
Doing md5 for 3s on 64 size blocks: 215532 md5's in 3.00s
Doing md5 for 3s on 256 size blocks: 103934 md5's in 3.00s
Doing md5 for 3s on 1024 size blocks: 33937 md5's in 3.00s
Doing md5 for 3s on 8192 size blocks: 4561 md5's in 3.00s
Doing 512 bit private rsa's for 10s: 362 512 bit private RSA's in 10.10s
Doing 512 bit public rsa's for 10s: 3547 512 bit public RSA's in 10.00s
Doing 1024 bit private rsa's for 10s: 68 1024 bit private RSA's in 10.10s
Doing 1024 bit public rsa's for 10s: 1289 1024 bit public RSA's in 10.00s
Doing 2048 bit private rsa's for 10s: 12 2048 bit private RSA's in 10.15s
Doing 2048 bit public rsa's for 10s: 394 2048 bit public RSA's in 10.00s
Doing 4096 bit private rsa's for 10s: 2 4096 bit private RSA's in 11.28s
Doing 4096 bit public rsa's for 10s: 112 4096 bit public RSA's in 10.60s
OpenSSL 0.9.5a 1 Apr 2000
built on: Fri Apr 15 18:32:06 BST 2022
options:bn(64,32) md2(int) rc4(idx,int) des(ptr,risc1,16,long) idea(int) blowfish(idx)
compiler: gcc -DTHREADS -D_REENTRANT -DL_ENDIAN -DTERMIO -O3 -fomit-frame-pointer -m486 -Wall -DSHA1_ASM -DMD5_ASM -DRMD160_ASM
The 'numbers' are in 1000s of bytes per second processed.
type 8 bytes 64 bytes 256 bytes 1024 bytes 8192 bytes
md5 858.08k 4598.02k 8869.03k 11583.83k 12454.57k
sign verify sign/s verify/s
rsa 512 bits 0.0277s 0.0028s 36.2 354.7
rsa 1024 bits 0.1485s 0.0078s 6.7 128.9
rsa 2048 bits 0.8458s 0.0254s 1.2 39.4
rsa 4096 bits 5.6400s 0.0898s 0.2 11.1
Extracting the relevant figures for comparisons:
- OpenSSL speed MD5 8,192 bytes: 12,454.57k
- OpenSSL speed RSA 4,096 bytes sign/s: 0.2
- OpenSSL speed RSA 4,096 bytes verify/s: 11.1
And an additional set of reference values.
The C compiler flags indicate instruction optimization for i486, it may be that using Pentium optimizations could yield some performance improvements.
RedHat Linux 7.3 (Valhalla) for x86, with the distribution supplied:
$ openssl version OpenSSL 0.9.6b [engine] 9 Jul 2001
Let's seen how MD5 and RSA do:
$ openssl speed md5
Doing md5 for 3s on 8 size blocks: 172891 md5's in 3.00s
Doing md5 for 3s on 64 size blocks: 111224 md5's in 3.00s
Doing md5 for 3s on 256 size blocks: 51876 md5's in 3.00s
Doing md5 for 3s on 1024 size blocks: 16488 md5's in 3.00s
Doing md5 for 3s on 8192 size blocks: 2225 md5's in 3.00s
OpenSSL 0.9.6b [engine] 9 Jul 2001
built on: Thu Apr 4 12:18:55 EST 2002
options:bn(64,32) md2(int) rc4(idx,int) des(ptr,risc1,16,long) blowfish(idx)
compiler: gcc -fPIC -DTHREADS -D_REENTRANT -DDSO_DLFCN -DHAVE_DLFCN_H -DNO_ASM -DNO_IDEA -DNO_MDC2 -DNO_RC5 -DL_ENDIAN -DTERMIO -O2 -march=i386 -mcpu=i686 -Wall
The 'numbers' are in 1000s of bytes per second processed.
type 8 bytes 64 bytes 256 bytes 1024 bytes 8192 bytes
md5 461.04k 2372.78k 4426.75k 5627.90k 6075.73k
$ openssl speed rsa
Doing 512 bit private rsa's for 10s: 187 512 bit private RSA's in 10.02s
Doing 512 bit public rsa's for 10s: 2094 512 bit public RSA's in 10.00s
Doing 1024 bit private rsa's for 10s: 35 1024 bit private RSA's in 10.04s
Doing 1024 bit public rsa's for 10s: 637 1024 bit public RSA's in 10.00s
Doing 2048 bit private rsa's for 10s: 6 2048 bit private RSA's in 11.24s
Doing 2048 bit public rsa's for 10s: 173 2048 bit public RSA's in 10.02s
Doing 4096 bit private rsa's for 10s: 1 4096 bit private RSA's in 13.56s
Doing 4096 bit public rsa's for 10s: 45 4096 bit public RSA's in 10.07s
OpenSSL 0.9.6b [engine] 9 Jul 2001
built on: Thu Apr 4 12:18:55 EST 2002
options:bn(64,32) md2(int) rc4(idx,int) des(ptr,risc1,16,long) blowfish(idx)
compiler: gcc -fPIC -DTHREADS -D_REENTRANT -DDSO_DLFCN -DHAVE_DLFCN_H -DNO_ASM -DNO_IDEA -DNO_MDC2 -DNO_RC5 -DL_ENDIAN -DTERMIO -O2 -march=i386 -mcpu=i686 -Wall
sign verify sign/s verify/s
rsa 512 bits 0.0536s 0.0048s 18.7 209.4
rsa 1024 bits 0.2869s 0.0157s 3.5 63.7
rsa 2048 bits 1.8733s 0.0579s 0.5 17.3
rsa 4096 bits 13.5600s 0.2238s 0.1 4.5
Extracting the relevant figures for comparisons:
- OpenSSL speed MD5 8,192 bytes: 6,075.73k
- OpenSSL speed RSA 4,096 bytes sign/s: 0.1
- OpenSSL speed RSA 4,096 bytes verify/s: 4.5
And an additional set of reference values.
The C compiler flags indicate instruction optimization for Pentium Pro (i686), while keeping the output i386 compatible, and that the assembler method implementations have been disabled.
OpenSSL result summary:
| OS | OpenSSL Version | MD5 8,192 bytes | RSA 4,096 bytes sign/s | RSA 4,096 bytes verify/s |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linux 2.0.36 RedHat Linux 5.2 x86 | 0.9.2b 22 Mar 1999 | 12,391.77k | 0.2 | 11.2 |
| Linux 2.2.14 RedHat Linux 6.2 x86 | 0.9.5a 1 Apr 2000 | 12,454.57k | 0.2 | 11.1 |
| Linux 2.4.18 RedHat Linux 7.3 x86 | 0.9.6b [engine] 9 Jul 2001 | 6,075.73k | 0.1 | 4.5 |
Further References
- Advanced/ZP Baby-AT Board Technical Product Summary
- Linux and the DEC "Tulip" Chip
- Linux Ethernet-Howto
CPU Overclock
The Intel Advanced/ZP mainboard supports the socket 5 Pentium processors, and so provides three bus clock speeds (50, 60 and 66 MHz). The particular revision of the board in tilia, also supports multiplier selection (1.5x and 2.0x) for use with the Pentium 120 CPU. This provides an opportunity for a little over clocking of our Pentium 75, and borrowing the IDT WinChip C6 from crategus provides for some comparisons with higher speed CPUs.
| CPU: Intel Pentium 75 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bus Clock (MHz) | Multiplier | CPU Clock (MHz) | BogoMips | MD5 | RSA sign/s | RSA verify/s |
| 50.0 | 1.5 | (75) 74.7 | 29.80 | 12,454.57k | 0.2 | 11.1 |
| 60.0 | 1.5 | (90) 89.8 | 35.84 | 14,972.25k | 0.2 | 13.4 |
| 66.6 | 1.5 | (100) 99.5 | 39.63 | 16,512.34k | 0.2 | 14.8 |
| CPU: IDT WinChip C6 200 | ||||||
| Bus Clock (MHz) | Multiplier | CPU Clock (MHz) | BogoMips | MD5 | RSA sign/s | RSA verify/s |
| 50.0 | 3.0 | (150) 149.4 | 59.60 | 14,584.49k | 0.2 | 15.0 |
| 60.0 | 3.0 | (180) 179.6 | 71.68 | 17,544.53k | 0.3 | 18.0 |
| 66.6 | 3.0 | (200) 198.9 | 79.46 | 19,434.15k | 0.3 | 20.0 |
Note that these have not been extensively tested for stability and so the more extreme values are unlikely to be suitable for daily use.
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